Tempo data from 50 performances of Beethovens Appassionata (Op. 57)

This database holds tempo data from 50 performances of Beethoven’s famous piano sonata Op. 57, also known as the Appassionata. Different versions of the score are for example freely available from the Petrucci Music Library (http://imslp.org). For further study, we recommend to either use the edition from Heinrich Schenker including bar numbers, or the edition from Artur Schnabel including his tempo annotation

Community-Based Security for the Internet of Things

With more and more devices becoming connectable to the internet, the number of services but also a lot of threats increases dramatically. Security is often a secondary matter behind functionality and comfort, but the problem has already been recognized. Still, with many IoT devices being deployed already, security will come step-by-step and through updates, patches and new versions of apps and IoT software. While these updates can be safely retrieved from app stores, the problems kick in via jailbroken devices and with the variety of untrusted sources arising on the internet. Since hacking is typically a community effort? these days, security could be a community goal too. The challenges are manifold, and one reason for weak or absent security on IoT devices is their weak computational power. In this chapter, we discuss a community based security mechanism in which devices mutually aid each other in secure software management. We discuss game-theoretic methods of community formation and light-weight cryptographic means to accomplish authentic software deployment inside the IoT device community

Imaging of arrhythmia: Real-time cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in atrial fibrillation

Objectives Quantitative evaluations of function, volume and mass are fundamental in the diagnostic workup of different cardiovascular diseases and can be exactly determined by CMRI in sinus rhythm. This does not hold true in arrhythmia as CMR is hampered by reconstruction artifacts caused by inconsistent data from multiple heartbeats. Real-time (RT) MRI at high temporal resolution might reduce these problems. Methods Consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation were prospectively included and underwent RT and conventional CINE CMR in randomized order. 29 patients were studied at 1.5 T and 30 patients at 3 T. At 3 T a group of 20 subjects in sinus rhythm served as controls. RT and CINE image quality was evaluated in different planes and for different wall sections using a Likert scale (from zero to four). Volumetric analysis was performed using two types of software and differences between RT and CINE CMR were evaluated. Results In patients with atrial fibrillation RT CMR short axis (SA) resulted in a significantly higher image quality compared to CINE imaging both at 1.5 T and 3 T (1.5 T: mid SA: 3.55 ± 0.5 RT vs 2.6 ± 0.9 CINE, p = 0.0001; 3 T: mid SA: 3.15 ± 0.9 RT vs 2.6 ±1.0 CINE, p = 0.03); This qualitative difference was more marked and significant for the long axis views (2CV and 4CV) at 1.5 T (1.5 T: 2CV: 3.2 ± 0.6 RT vs 2.65 ± 1.1 CINE; p = 0.011; 4CV: 2.9 ± 0.69 RT vs 2.4 ± 0.9 CINE; p = 0.0044). During sinus rhythm CINE images were superior concerning diagnostic quality (3 T mid SA: 3.35 ± 0.45 RT vs 3.8 ± 0.5 CINE, p = 0.008). Quantitative analysis was successful with both software packages and the results showed a good correlation (Pearson correlation between 0.679 and 0.921 for patients). RT CMR resulted in slightly lower functional volumes than CINE CMR (3 T: patients: EDVI 86 ± 29 ml/m2 RT vs 93 29 ml/m2± 29 CINE, Pearson r = 0.902) but similar ejection fractions (3 T: patients: EF 47 ± 16% RT vs 45 ± 13% CINE, Pearson r = 0679; controls: EF 63 ± 6 RT vs 63 ± 3 CINE, Pearson r = 0.695). Conclusion RT CMR improves image quality in arrhythmic patients and renders studies more comfortable. Volumetric analysis is feasible with slightly lower values relative to CINE CMR, while ejection fractions are comparable

P2 receptor-mediated modulation of neurotransmitter release—an update

Presynaptic nerve terminals are equipped with a number of presynaptic auto- and heteroreceptors, including ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptors. P2 receptors serve as modulation sites of transmitter release by ATP and other nucleotides released by neuronal activity and pathological signals. A wide variety of P2X and P2Y receptors expressed at pre- and postsynaptic sites as well as in glial cells are involved directly or indirectly in the modulation of neurotransmitter release. Nucleotides are released from synaptic and nonsynaptic sites throughout the nervous system and might reach concentrations high enough to activate these receptors. By providing a fine-tuning mechanism these receptors also offer attractive sites for pharmacotherapy in nervous system diseases. Here we review the rapidly emerging data on the modulation of transmitter release by facilitatory and inhibitory P2 receptors and the receptor subtypes involved in these interactions

Associated features in females with an FMR1 premutation

Abstract Changes in the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) have been associated with specific phenotypes, most specifically those of fragile X syndrome (FXS), fragile X tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), and fragile X primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI). Evidence of increased risk for additional medical, psychiatric, and cognitive features and conditions is now known to exist for individuals with a premutation, although some features have been more thoroughly studied than others. This review highlights the literature on medical, reproductive, cognitive, and psychiatric features, primarily in females, that have been suggested to be associated with changes in the FMR1 gene. Based on this review, each feature is evaluated with regard to the strength of evidence of association with the premutation. Areas of need for additional focused research and possible intervention strategies are suggested

Die oeffentlichen Eisenbahnen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland angesichts der Vollendung des EG-Binnenmarktes: Stellungnahme des Wissenschaftlichen Beirats der Gesellschaft fuer Oeffentliche Wirtschaft

SIGLEAvailable from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, Duesternbrook Weg 120, D-24105 Kiel A 200784 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman